The Development of Prisons Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Development of Prisons - Research Paper Example Jails & houses of rectifications were created in the American colonies soon after the revolution. The jail was designed originally for the detention of persons awaiting their trial. It soon came to be utilized as a venue for punishment after conviction. As in Great Britain, this alteration brought in increasing opposition to the use of corporal & capital punishments, & hence it was a modification of the existing system for implementing the corrective reaction to law breaking. Convicted drunkards & vagrants, particularly, were barred behind these institutions. The house of correction began as an institution for vagrants, but was not differentiable in its basic approach from the medieval jails & confinements. Oppression, vulgarity, & anarchy constituted the basic plenary of the European & American jail infrastructure. The amendment of the disciplinary reaction in the jails came at a very slow pace. As a first hand example, the number of persons confined in prisons or correctional homes after a conviction was relatively less throughout the domain of the 18th century, & in the city of New York it was not until 1788, that a wholesome law was ratified for the use of prisons & workhouses as venues of reprimand. Thus the situation & the discipline of prisons had originated from a pretty precarious position (Sutherland, Cressey, Duckenbill, 1992, p464). Over the centuries the law and standards have brought about several changes in the prisons, their structure and operations. Early dungeons By modern day standards & merits, the conditions & interiors of the jails in early days were absolutely horrific. There was lawlessness, indiscipline, & inhumane conditions both in & out of the cells. The prisoners spent their time in association, without any sort of labour, depending on charity for their entire existence. There was virtually no procedure or system to treat unwell prisoners & inmates. Religious services were also not provided for these socially prohibited trashes. Har mful alcohol, unhygienic atmosphere, & beastly conditions prevailed behind the walls of these forbidden kingdoms. The prisons in England were in a precarious position, yet there was not much ado about it. Humans living worse than animals were the general traits upon which the metaphor of the word ‘prison’ was based in the 19th century. The prisons & confinements in USA lingered in the same tottering position. The culmination of the American Revolution did not bring any sort of positive change amidst the jails & prisons. The Walnut street jail in Philadelphia was one of the most ill maintained jails of the time (Sutherland, Cressey & Luckenbill, 1992, p

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Research paper - Essay Example Most importantly, India will be able to attain the prestigious position of China, its Asian competitor. The project cost the country about 73 million US dollars. Evidently, considering the country’s economic standing, the space mission seems ridiculous and lacks justification. This paper will provide evidence that the space mission was a misplaced priority. If this mission proves successful, it may have a huge benefit to India. This is because it will receive recognition for utilizing improvisation to launch one of the cheapest missions to Mars. However, if it does not succeed, the country will have wasted invaluable resources of money and time that can be invested in raising the living standards of some families in India. Instead of paying all of this money to do a task like this, the money can be used to improve the economy and social problems in India. If India had a stable and a good standing economy, then it would be fine if they thought of launching this mission. Apparen tly, as this paper will discuss, India has many social issues to address. The country spent fifteen months of preparation for a mission that cost it 73 million US dollars. Statistics reveal that India exhibits a poor economy, a factor that highlights the need for it to design policies and strategies that can help its economy register a level of growth. It is unfortunate that the country’s economy has been dwindling over the years (Bhowmick, 2013). The country’s systems exhibit low quality with worrying poor standards of life. This places emphasis on the urgency for transforming its policy formulation strategies and striving to address its emerging needs. Instead of focusing on such issues that need critical addressing, the country has diverted its efforts, time, and resources to launching a space probe. The decision to focus on the space mission seems irrational, and the government cannot offer any valid justification for such an expenditure on a luxurious adventure in launching a space probe. Evidently, countries that focus on the space missions have registered immense progress in improving societal standards. Examples include the United States, which is the leading global economy and has held a superior position for many years. Evidently, the country has multiple policies in place to improve its social welfare and fund its internal research projects. Considering an additional example of Russia, it becomes evident that it has a stable economy, and can comfortably invest in space missions. Additionally, China joined the nations that have the capacity to fund space missions (Mirani, 2013). India’s economy does not compare with that of these nations, and explains why sacrificing 73 million US dollars is ridiculous. India does not compare with these nations, and its investment in space projects should be its last priority. In self-defense, India claims that 73 million is minimal compared to the 671 million US dollars that other countries woul d spend on such a venture. However, it does not matter the amount the country spent on the mission, the fact remains that the country could have redirected such funds to improving one of its poor social systems (Messreget, 2013). Evidently, that amount was sufficient to provide food for the malnourished children that add up to 50% of all children. It is ironical that a country can spend 73 million US dollars, while half the population of its children is perishing with hunger. Although it is true that

Communication skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Communication skills - Assignment Example Providing suggestions and providing encouragement during the conversations help to keep the conversation alive according to Jonathan. According to Decker communications blog, Kelly Decker, argues that humor plays a big role in keeping communication alive. She gives an example of the just concluded Russian Winter Olympics 2014. Despite concerns about Russian security, they managed to overcome the pressure by use of humor. These made them feel light and created a connection between them. Similarly Kelly suggest that when it comes to embarrassing situation, there is no need to fear but instead laugh or make a joke and it will certainly col down the tension (Decker). Kelly believes that making light of the situation and taking advantage of unplanned humor helps in connecting and redirecting attention where it belongs. Creating unexpected moments while communicating helps in surprising people and sticking them where you want them to

Strategic Human Resource Management-11 Assignment

Strategic Human Resource Management-11 - Assignment Example In order to achieve HC-centric management, high involvement approach and global competitor approach can be employed by organizations. However, these two approaches highly depend on efficient employment of talent as a major distinguisher and foundation of competitive advantage. The only difference in the utilization of above approaches is on how they take care of talent and their expectations of gaining competitive advantage (Edward 2). For example, high involvement approach emphasizes on the nature of work that workers are anticipated to do. It also gives room for employees to make decisions about their effectiveness and their level of performance. This means that employees have the responsibility of ensuring that they are capable of self-managing themselves (Edward 2). In the side of global competitor approach, emphasis is on how employees can constantly upgrade their talent. Due to this fact, employees are expected to deliver top scores in their area of duties. Failure to attain th eir goals, they are replaced by other individuals with potentials to perform better (Edward 5). Scott-Jackson noted that very few HR plans have the capacity to address the need to realize competitive advantage through differentiating capabilities. On his side, Edward Lawler argues that organizations need to have the ability to organize and manage people. In fact, Scott argues that most HR plans only aims at developing people in relation to what their competitors’ do, something he argues can not enable competitive advantage. To give solutions to this problem, Edward on his side believes that high involvement approach and global competitor approach can be employed by organizations in order to contribute to effective organization performance, thus competitive

Management skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management skills - Essay Example In his book, which is a scholarly source he emphasis that companies should emulate competitive intelligence, strategic planning and management action in order to have an effective early warning system. The book is relevant and practical especially to the enterprises managers who aim at excelling in the 21st century. Byars who is also an expert in the field of strategic management, has embarked on providing appropriate scholarly acceptable information that covers various techniques of formulating and implementing management principles. These include proper organizational structure and adoption of adequate measures in planning and controlling of companies resources. The journal is written by academicians to analyze the growth of the UK grocery retailers and their strategic objectives. This makes it to be a scholarly source. Clarke Ian and Bennison are senior lecturers in the department of Retailing and Marketing at the University of Manchester Metropolitan while Clifford is a senior lecturer based in Cardiff University of Wales in the department of City and Regional Planning. The authors give candid information to the students on the effects of changes in formats by the competitors in the UK food retail sector. Flavià ¡n, C., Haberberg, A and Polo Y. 2002. Food retailing strategies in the European Union. A comparative analysis in the UK and Spain, Journal of Retailing & Consumer Services, Vol. 9 Issue 3, pp.125-138. The journal is popular in giving a clear analysis of the competition that exist in the UK groceries food retailers. The authors who are market researchers, highlights the market share of the UK major supermarkets that include Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury and Morrisons. The journal is an important source for this paper that seeks to undertake competition as well as PESTEL analysis This working paper is sensational in nature since it tries to seek the reaction of suppliers if customers are hesitant to try

Total Rewards Program Geico Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Total Rewards Program Geico - Case Study Example Total Rewards Program includes seven categories such as workplace flexibility, paid and unpaid time off, health & wellness support, community involvement, caring for dependents, culture change initiative and financial support in order to support work-life effectiveness. This section covers three verticals such as learning opportunities, coaching/mentoring and Advancement Opportunities of Total Rewards Program. Integration can be done among career development process and Human Performance Improvement or HPI in order to share knowledge of among new recruits (Rothwell, Sanders, & Soper, 1999, p. 6-7). Companies need to remix existing reward system with cost-effective techniques without increasing financial investment. Reallocating rewards in a cost-effective not only increases the value of the program but increases profitability also. Finance & Retirement plan of Geico includes traditional plans (associate can select investment pattern and can also manage their account through Vanguard Website), Profit Sharing Plan, Insurance plan (life and accident insurance) and assistance program for associates. These huge collections of benefits give the flexibility to associate to select remuneration package in accordance with their requirement. Education & Training program designed by Geico includes promoting internal employees to new job responsibility instead of hiring external candidates. Geico also focuses on giving sufficient training & development and virtual mentoring in order to increase employee retention rate. Promote from within adopted by Geico helps the employee to get motivated to perform well because they know that performing well can help them to get promotion hence turnover rate decreases. This strategy also helps the company to reduce costs (giving advertisement through various channels of media, paying contract fees to external recruiting agents, paying additional salary to employees who have resigned and other miscellaneous expenses)  related to recruiting new associates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  

United Nation Science Essay Example for Free

United Nation Science Essay United Nation Science by Kofi This article tackles the issue of human dependence on technology and the role of information technology in globalization. The author also proves the fact the human’s dependency on technology is growing as new innovation are being developed. The effect of this dependency on human relationship and interaction was also discussed. Although information technology has great contribution in globalization, its effect on human interaction, culture and values are also considerable. As technology advances, we are losing our humanity as viewed by the author. Communication Technology Update by Grant and Meadows The book on Communication Technology Update provides a timeline for the development in the field of communication technology from books, newspaper and periodicals to phones to internet. Thus, it offers an introduction to the field of communication technology which is the topic of this paper. It is important to know the trends in the development of technology in order to have an overview or rather a glimpse of what is to come. It also proves the point that human’s reliance on technology for communication is increasing with the advances in the said field. The article also shows how fast information technology is growing. The W5H of Technology by Hallen The W5H of technology by Hallen provides additional information about information technology. It also describes the different type of communication in from the simplest to the most complex in terms of the number of individuals involved. Hallen introduced the readers to what there is to know about technology, the basics as well as the important. The influences of technology were also studied, both the positive and the negative effects. The main importance of technology was development and globalization that was made possible through the innovations in technology while technology dependency was the negative effect. This belief coincides with the main argument of this paper and so is very useful as a reference. Utilizing Information and Communication Technologies for Development: The Social Dimensions. Information Technology for Development by Morales-Gomez and Melesse The article by Morales-Gomez and Melesse offered to question the impacts of technology on society. They argue that although technology has brought great development in society, there are areas that had to be explored; some areas were technology harms rather than helps. They also view the fast development made possible by technology as unrealistic and dangerously naive. The authors also explored the long term effects of information technology in a nation’s social and cultural system. Thus, the article offers support of my claim on this paper. Information and Communication Technologies and the Effects of Globalization: Twenty-First Century Digital Slavery for Developing Countries Myth or Reality? by Ogunsola This article examines the revolution in the field of information technology. It also tackles the issue of globalization as well as its impact in developing countries. The authors argue that information technology is widening the gap between the poor and the developing countries. They also offer and evaluated the concept of â€Å"digital slavery†. Global communication had been viewed as â€Å"the world’s largest machine† and unknowingly, humans are being enslaved by it. The article also explored the negative effects of communication technology in personal communication. The article is important in establishing the main point of my paper. References Annan, Kofi. {1999}. United Nation Science. 19th February. p. 1079. Grant, A. and Meadows J. (2006). Communication Technology Update. Burlington, MA: Focal Press. Hallen, R. M. (2008). The W5H of Technology. Vigyan Prasar. Morales-Gomez, D. and Melesse, M. (1998). Utilizing Information and Communication Technologies for Development: The Social Dimensions. Information Technology for Development. 8(1). pp. 3-14. Ogunsola, L. (2005). Information and Communication Technologies and the Effects of Globalization: Twenty-First Century Digital Slavery for Developing Countries Myth or Reality?. Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship. V. 6, No. 1-2. United Nation Science by Kofi This article tackles the issue of human dependence on technology and the role of information technology in globalization. The author also proves the fact the human’s dependency on technology is growing as new innovation are being developed. The effect of this dependency on human relationship and interaction was also discussed. Although information technology has great contribution in globalization, its effect on human interaction, culture and values are also considerable. As technology advances, we are losing our humanity as viewed by the author. Communication Technology Update by Grant and Meadows The book on Communication Technology Update provides a timeline for the development in the field of communication technology from books, newspaper and periodicals to phones to internet. Thus, it offers an introduction to the field of communication technology which is the topic of this paper. It is important to know the trends in the development of technology in order to have an overview or rather a glimpse of what is to come. It also proves the point that human’s reliance on technology for communication is increasing with the advances in the said field. The article also shows how fast information technology is growing. The W5H of Technology by Hallen The W5H of technology by Hallen provides additional information about information technology. It also describes the different type of communication in from the simplest to the most complex in terms of the number of individuals involved. Hallen introduced the readers to what there is to know about technology, the basics as well as the important. The influences of technology were also studied, both the positive and the negative effects. The main importance of technology was development and globalization that was made possible through the innovations in technology while technology dependency was the negative effect. This belief coincides with the main argument of this paper and so is very useful as a reference. Utilizing Information and Communication Technologies for Development: The Social Dimensions. Information Technology for Development by Morales-Gomez and Melesse The article by Morales-Gomez and Melesse offered to question the impacts of technology on society. They argue that although technology has brought great development in society, there are areas that had to be explored; some areas were technology harms rather than helps. They also view the fast development made possible by technology as unrealistic and dangerously naive. The authors also explored the long term effects of information technology in a nation’s social and cultural system. Thus, the article offers support of my claim on this paper. Information and Communication Technologies and the Effects of Globalization: Twenty-First Century Digital Slavery for Developing Countries Myth or Reality? by Ogunsola This article examines the revolution in the field of information technology. It also tackles the issue of globalization as well as its impact in developing countries. The authors argue that information technology is widening the gap between the poor and the developing countries. They also offer and evaluated the concept of â€Å"digital slavery†. Global communication had been viewed as â€Å"the world’s largest machine† and unknowingly, humans are being enslaved by it. The article also explored the negative effects of communication technology in personal communication. The article is important in establishing the main point of my paper. References Annan, Kofi. {1999}. United Nation Science. 19th February. p. 1079. Grant, A. and Meadows J. (2006). Communication Technology Update. Burlington, MA: Focal Press. Hallen, R. M. (2008). The W5H of Technology. Vigyan Prasar. Morales-Gomez, D. and Melesse, M. (1998). Utilizing Information and Communication Technologies for Development: The Social Dimensions. Information Technology for Development. 8(1). pp. 3-14. Ogunsola, L. (2005). Information and Communication Technologies and the Effects of Globalization: Twenty-First Century Digital Slavery for Developing Countries Myth or Reality?. Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship. V. 6, No. 1-2.