Dictatorship to Democracy Overnight in Indonesia - 1315 Words

Dictatorship to Democracy Overnight Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia that was under a military dictatorship for 32 years. The dictatorship era started after the failure of communist coup d’à ©tat by Indonesia’s Communist Party in 1966. General Suharto, the one who had the biggest role in failing the coup d’à ©tat, ousted the first president and established an autocratic anti-communist regime known as the New Order, which attracted political and economic support from Western governments during the Cold War. At the beginning of this era, he said he would practice a kind of semi-direct democracy, while later, even the news in newspapers was controlled by the government. His era was ended in 1998 by a huge student revolution and riots†¦show more content†¦In contrast to the New Order era government’s reaction to separatist movements in Indonesia, the reformation era government in its early days made a mistake by giving a referendum to East Timor, a province in central Indonesi a that had longed to form its own country since the New Order era. The referendum was to stay with Indonesia or to stand as an independent country, and the province chose the latter choice. This influenced other provinces that are not satisfied with the reformation era government due to the centralized development in certain parts of the country to start separatist movements. Even though Indonesia was led by a dictator during 1966-1998, there were still elections during the period. The election at that time was to elect one of the three political parties to get their members as new members of House of Representatives. Since there were only three political parties, each time there was going to be an election, the campaigns never ended up in chaos and the election ended in peace. After General Suharto was ousted in 1998, there was some kind of a â€Å"party craze†, everyone intended to make their own political party, without any limitation from the government. Consequently, in the 1999 election, people had to choose from 48 political parties. It could be imagined how a country that was still very unstable after a revolution, had an election with tons ofShow MoreRelatedThe Cause of Globalization18688 Words   |  75 Pagesrole of political institutions ranging from trade unions to constitutional systems (Garrett Lange, 1995). I offer a brief analysis of these perspectives with respect to three prominent classes of variables: levels of development, the extent of democracy, and the balance of power between the left and right. The strongest result is that 946 COMPARATIVE POLITICAL STUDIES / August-September 2000 countries at higher levels of development are more likely to open their borders to the internationalRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesFor example, we continue to increase emphasis on emerging markets and the importance of now recognized global leaders such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China—the so-called â€Å"BRIC† economies—as well as the â€Å"second wave† emerging markets, such as Indonesia, Vietnam, and other countries in Africa, Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. We have also included the most current insights on the role of technology in global business and the increasing importance of corporateRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages9 9,800 10 Other Americas Total 263,625 Chinese and Sino-descendants Living Outside of China Place of Residence Manchuria Thousands % of Total Pop. 47,560 98 Thailand 3,690 16 Malaysia 2,452 34 Indonesia 2,000 2 Vietnam 1,000 4 Singapore 893 68 Burma 300 1 Cambodia 218 4 Philippines 149 1 United States 118 0 All Others 170 Total 58,550 Indians and Indo-descendants Residing OutsideRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesculture: when there is insufficient conflict Understanding the purpose of the organization and embedding it in the culture Critical theory and psychoanalysis present challenging perspectives for organizational design Social democracy and the democratic organization Democracy, rationality and power A psychodynamic perspective on design – create the boundaries Critical theory and psychoanalysis challenge understandings of leadership and management Conclusions 330 330 332 332 332 339 340 341 342